![]() In reality, there was no sharp transition from one period to another. From some point in the 1st century BC onwards "Greco-Roman" is used, or more local terms for the Eastern Greek world. Around 500 BC, shortly before the onset of the Persian Wars (480 BC to 448 BC), is usually taken as the dividing line between the Archaic and the Classical periods, and the reign of Alexander the Great (336 BC to 323 BC) is taken as separating the Classical from the Hellenistic periods. The 7th century BC witnessed the slow development of the Archaic style as exemplified by the black-figure style of vase painting. The Geometric age is usually dated from about 1000 BC, although in reality little is known about art in Greece during the preceding 200 years, traditionally known as the Greek Dark Ages. The art of ancient Greece is usually divided stylistically into four periods: the Geometric, Archaic, Classical, and Hellenistic. The earliest art by Greeks is generally excluded from "ancient Greek art", and instead known as Greek Neolithic art followed by Aegean art the latter includes Cycladic art and the art of the Minoan and Mycenaean cultures from the Greek Bronze Age. The social context of Greek art included radical political developments and a great increase in prosperity the equally impressive Greek achievements in philosophy, literature and other fields are well known. It used a vocabulary of ornament that was shared with pottery, metalwork and other media, and had an enormous influence on Eurasian art, especially after Buddhism carried it beyond the expanded Greek world created by Alexander the Great. Greek architecture, technically very simple, established a harmonious style with numerous detailed conventions that were largely adopted by Roman architecture and are still followed in some modern buildings. There were important innovations in painting, which have to be essentially reconstructed due to the lack of original survivals of quality, other than the distinct field of painted pottery. The rate of stylistic development between about 750 and 300 BC was remarkable by ancient standards, and in surviving works is best seen in sculpture. The task of Cerberus was to guard the gates of Hades' realm to make sure no ghosts escaped.Hades abducting Persephone, 4th-century BC wall painting in the small Macedonian royal tomb at VerginaĪncient Greek art stands out among that of other ancient cultures for its development of naturalistic but idealized depictions of the human body, in which largely nude male figures were generally the focus of innovation. Cerberus was the serpent-tailed 3- or 50-headed hell-hound Hercules was told to bring up to the land of the living as part of his labors. Parents: Oceanus (and Tethys) or Erebus and Nyx Her name is taken only for the most solemn oaths. Styx is also the river that flows around the Underworld. Parents: Aeacus: Zeus and Aegina Rhadamanthus and Minos: Zeus and Europa They were rewarded for their endeavors with the position of judge in the Underworld. Both Rhadamanthus and Aeacus were renowned for their justice. Judges: Rhadamanthus, Minos, and Aeacus.Parents: Zeus (and Maia) or Dionysus and Aphrodite He is shown in art conveying the dead to Charon. A conductor of dreams and a chthonian god, Hermes Psychopompous herds the dead towards the Underworld. ![]() A son of Night, Thanatos is the brother of Sleep ( Somnus or Hypnos) who along with the gods of dreams seem to inhabit the Underworld. ![]() The son of Erebus (also a region of the Underworld in which both the Elysian Fields and the Plain of Asphodel are found) and the Styx, Charon is the ferryman of the dead who takes an obol from the mouth of each dead person for each soul he ferries over to the Underworld. Parents: Gaia and the blood from the castrated Uranus or Nyx (Night) or Darkness or Hades (and Persephone) or Poine (see Theoi Erinyes) These are Alecto, Tisiphone, and Megaera. (Furies) The Erinyes are goddesses of vengeance who pursue their victims even after death. Parents: Perses (and Asteria) or Zeus and Asteria (a second-generation Titan) or Nyx (Night) or Aristaios or Demeter (see Theoi Hecate) A mysterious nature goddess associated with sorcery and witchcraft, who went with Demeter to the Underworld to fetch Persephone, but then stayed to assist Persephone. Parents: Zeus and Demeter or Zeus and Styx (Kore) Wife of Hades and queen of the Underworld. Although there is another god who is the official god of death, sometimes Hades is considered to be Death. Combined with Plutus ( Pluto) lord of wealth. ![]()
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